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[genny42]

In small and rural communities managed decentralized waste water treatment facilities are viable and long term alternatives to centralized waste water treatment method as it is more cost effective. Among the many options available for waste water treatment and disposal in rural and small communities, each method has its own advantages and limitations. So a treatment technology should be selected taking into consideration the local conditions and treatment objectives. It is also necessary to evaluate the every community’s financial, physical and regulatory factors to find the best technology for the locality.

Besides the septic tank and drainfield systems, the onsite systems now include many alternatives that surpass the conventional methods to treat waste water. A number of alternative onsite processes such as sand filters, peat filters, aerobic treatment units, pressure distribution systems, drip irrigation and disinfection systems can be used in a wide range of soil and site conditions. These systems need to be managed as they require more monitoring and maintenance.

Cluster systems are small satellite treatment plants or soil absorption systems that have low cost collection sewers. Cluster systems are most appropriate in moderately populated areas as they treat waste water from a group of dwellings or businesses. They are generally located near the buildings they serve. The waste water from the dwellings is collected in its own interceptor tank where they settle out and allow solids to break down. The effluent travels through collection pipes that are buried at a shallower depth to smaller, less maintenance intensive treatment and disposal units.

It is very important to make the right choice of waste water treatment method. The apartments in Kerala now prefer to use the decentralized method due to its numerous advantages.